List of earthquakes in the British Isles

The following is a list of notable earthquakes that have been detected in the British Isles.

On average several hundred earthquakes are detected by the British Geological Survey each year, but almost all are far too faint to be felt by humans. Those that are felt generally cause very little damage.

Nonetheless, earthquakes have on occasion resulted in considerable damage, most notably in 1580 and 1884; Musson (2003) reports that there have been ten documented fatalities – six caused by falling masonry and four by building collapse.

Contents

Earthquakes

For earthquakes prior to the modern era, the magnitude and epicentre location are only approximate, and were calculated based on available reports from the time. The magnitude where given is measured using the Richter scale (M_L).

Pre-18th century

Date Epicentre M_L Notes
00 Jan 974 England [1][2]
1 May 1048 English Midlands Felt in Worcester, Warwick and Derby[2]
4 Jul 1060 England [2]
22 Apr 1076 England Also felt in France and Denmark[2]
11 Aug 1089 England [2]
28 Aug 1119 Western England [2]
25 Jul 1122 Somerset and Gloucestershire [2]
5 Dec 1129 England [2]
4 Aug 1133 England [2]
1 May 1158 England [2]
26 Jan 1165 East Anglia [2]
25 Apr 1180 Nottinghamshire [3]
15 Apr 1185 Lincoln Lincoln Cathedral badly damaged[2]
00 Jan 1199 Scotland [2]
23 Apr 1228 England [2]
1 Jun 1246 Canterbury [4]
13 Feb 1247 London [5]
20 Feb 1247 Wales 5.5~5.5 Damage to St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire.[2]
21 Dec 1248 South West England Wells Cathedral reported to have been badly damaged[2]
11 Sep 1275 Southern England In Glastonbury, the Abbey was damaged and the Church of St. Michael on the Torr Hill destroyed[2]
4 Jan 1299 South East England Felt in Kent and Middlesex, may have caused the collapse of St Andrew's church Hitchin[2]
21 May 1318 England [2]
28 Mar 1343 Eastern England Felt in Lincolnshire[2]
27 Mar 1349 Eastern England Felt in Beverley[2]
21 May 1382 Canterbury 5.8~5.8 The bell tower of the cathedral was "severally damaged" and the six bells "shook down". Cloister walls to the Canterbury dormitory were ruined. In Kent, All Saints Church, West Stourmouth, was badly damaged. Felt in London and lent its name to the "Earthquake Synod. "[2]
24 May 1382 Canterbury 5.0~5.0 Aftershock of 21 May earthquake[2]
28 Dec 1480 Norfolk [2]
19 Sep 1508 North Sea Felt in England and Scotland. Recent studies suggest that this earthquake may have been as large as magnitude 7.0, with the epicenter in fact in the area north west of Scotland.[6]
00 Jul 1534 North Wales 4.5~4.5 Felt in Dublin, Ireland.[2]
25 May 1551 Croydon [7]
26 Feb 1575 West Midlands 5.0~5.0 Felt as far apart as York and Bristol[2]
6 Apr 1580 Straits of Dover 5.8~5.8 First recorded fatality. See Dover Straits earthquake of 1580 [2]
1 May 1580 Straits of Dover 4.4~4.4 Principal aftershock of the Dover Straits earthquake of 1580 felt as far as Gravesend[2]
23 Jul 1597 Scotland 4.6~4.6 Felt all over the Highlands[2]
24 Dec 1601 North Sea Felt in London and the east of England[2]
00 Feb 1602 North Sea [2]
8 Nov 1608 Comrie 4.6~4.6 [2]
2 Mar 1622 Scotland [2]
11 Apr 1650 Cumberland 4.9~4.9 [2]
00 Jun 1668 Borders No contemporary account of this shadowy event has come to light, but some later events are compared to it.[2]
6 Oct 1683 Derby 4.7~4.7 First British earthquake surveyed by the British Geological Survey[2]
27 Aug 1690 Carmarthen 4.7~4.7 Also felt in Nantwich, Cheshire and Bideford, Devon [2]
7 Oct 1690 Caernarfon 5.2~5.2 Felt from Dublin to London[2]
8 Sep 1692 Brabant, Belgium 5.8~5.8 Felt in most parts of England, France, Germany and the Netherlands.[8]

18th century

Date Epicentre M_L Notes
28 Dec 1703 Hull 4.2~4.2 [2]
25 Oct 1726 Dorchester 3.3~3.3 [9][2]
19 Jul 1727 Swansea 5.2~5.2 [2]
1 Mar 1728 Galashiels 4.2~4.2 No damage caused[2]
25 Oct 1734 Portsmouth 4.5~4.5 Also felt in France[2]
30 Apr 1736 Ochil Hills 2.7~2.7 Aftershocks also felt on 1 May[2]
1 Jul 1747 Taunton 3.5~3.5 [2]
17 May 1749 Wimborne Minster 3.4~3.4 [2]
8 Feb 1750 London 2.6~2.6 [10][2]
8 Mar 1750 London 3.1~3.1 The last earthquake to have an epicentre in London.[2]
18 Mar 1750 Portsmouth 4.3~4.3 [2]
2 Apr 1750 Chester 4.0~4.0 [2]
4 May 1750 Wimborne [11]
23 Aug 1750 North Sea 4.7~4.7
30 Sep 1750 Leicester 4.1~4.1 [2]
8 Apr 1753 Skipton 4.0~4.0 [2]
19 Apr 1754 Whitby 4.4~4.4 [2]
1 Aug 1755 Lincoln 4.2~4.2 [2]
10 Jan 1757 Norwich 3.3~3.3 [2]
17 May 1757 Todmorden 3.2~3.2 [2]
15 Jul 1757 Penzance 4.4~4.4 [2]
12 Aug 1757 Holyhead 3.5~3.5 [2]
9 Jun 1761 Shaftesbury 3.4~3.4 [12][2]
6 Nov 1764 Oxford 3.4~3.4 [2]
15 May 1768 Wensleydale 4.4~4.4 [2]
24 Oct 1768 Inverness 3.4~3.4 [2]
21 Dec 1768 Tewkesbury 4.1~4.1 [2]
2 Apr 1769 South Molton 3.2~3.2 [2]
14 Nov 1769 Inverness Several fatalities[13]
22 Apr 1773 Caernarfon 3.7~3.7 [2]
23 Apr 1773 Channel Islands 4.4~4.4 Felt in Dorset and Northern France[2]
8 Sep 1775 Swansea 5.1~5.1 [2]
28 Nov 1776 Dover Straits 4.1~4.1 [2]
14 Sep 1777 Manchester 4.4~4.4 Felt widely in Manchester, Macclesfield, Preston, Wigan, Stockport and the surrounding area[2]
29 Aug 1780 Llanrwst 3.8~3.8 [2]
9 Dec 1780 Wensleydale 4.8~4.8 [2]
5 Oct 1782 Amlwch 3.7~3.7 [2]
10 Aug 1783 Launceston 3.6~3.6 [2]
11 Aug 1786 Whitehaven 5.0~5.0 [2]
4 May 1789 Barnstaple 2.9~2.9 [2]
2 Mar 1792 Stamford 4.1~4.1 [2]
2 Jan and 12 Mar 1795 Comrie [2]
18 Nov 1795 Derbyshire 4.7~4.7 [14]
4 Aug 1797 Argyll 3.8~3.8 [2]

19th century

Date Epicentre M_L Notes
12 March 1800[2] Conwy 3.3~3.3
1 June 1801[2] Chester 3.6~3.6
7 September 1801[2] Comrie 4.6~4.6 Climax of an earthquake swarm in Comrie lasting between 1788 and 1801
21 October 1802[2] Carmarthen 3.3~3.3
12 January 1805[2] Ruthin 3.0~3.0
21 April 1805[2] Stafford 3.2~3.2
18 January 1809[2] Strathearn 3.2~3.2
31 January and 1 February 1809[2] Strontian
30 November 1811[2] Chichester 3.4~3.4
1 May 1812[2] Neath 3.0~3.0
17 March 1816[2] Mansfield 4.2~4.2
13 August 1816[2] Inverness 5.1~5.1
23 April 1817[2] West Scotland 4.5~4.5
25 December 1820[2] Kintail 3.4~3.4
22 October 1821[2] Rothesay 3.2~3.2
23 October 1821[2] Comrie 3.0~3.0
18 January 1822 Holme-on-Spalding-Moor [15]
13 April 1822[2] Comrie 2.9~2.9
6 December 1824[2] Portsmouth 2.9~2.9
9 February 1827[2] Caernarfon 2.8~2.8
2 March 1831[2] Deal 3.1~3.1
28 July 1832[2] Chester 3.0~3.0
30 December 1832[2] Swansea 4.3~4.3
18 September 1833 to 27 August 1834[2] Chichester One fatality
20 August 1835[2] Lancaster 4.4~4.4
20 October 1837[2] Tavistock 3.2~3.2
20 March 1839[2] Invergarry 3.2~3.2
11 June 1839[2] Rochdale 2.9~2.9
1 September 1839[2] Monmouth 3.5~3.5
23 October 1839[2] Comrie, Comrie 4.8~4.8 This was the largest of all known Comrie earthquakes, and was felt over most of Scotland. It caused a dam near Stirling to breach.
18-19 January, 7 April and 26 October 1840[2] Comrie A monument to the first of these earthquakes was found in 1993 and now belongs to the Perth Museum.
12 March 1841[2] Comrie 3.1~3.1
30 July 1841[2] Comrie 3.9~3.9
20 December 1841[2] Kintail 3.0~3.0
15 August 1842[2] Caernarfon 3.0~3.0
25 February 1843[2] Argyll 3.4~3.4
10 March 1843[2] Todmorden 3.1~3.1
17 March 1843[2] Irish Sea 5.0~5.0
22 December 1843[2] Channel Islands 4.4~4.4 Felt in Devon.
18 January 1844[2] Comrie 3.9~3.9
24 November 1846[2] Comrie 3.0~3.0
16 November 1847[2] Newport 3.1~3.1
3 April 1852[2] Wells 3.2~3.2
1 June 1852[2] Swansea 2.9~2.9
12 August 1852[2] Callington 3.4~3.4
9 November 1852[2] Caernarfon 5.3~5.3 Felt over a large area, from Galway, Glasgow and London
19 February 1853[2] Inverness 3.9~3.9
27 March 1853[2] Hereford 3.8~3.8
1 April 1853[2] Coutances, France 5.2~5.2 Felt on the south coast of England.
1 April 1858[2] Liskeard 2.9~2.9
29 September 1858[2] Okehampton 2.5~2.5
6 June 1858[2] Stratherrick 3.7~3.7
13 August 1859[2] Ixworth 2.8~2.8
21 October 1859[2] Padstow 4.0~4.0
15 December 1859[2] Settle 3.0~3.0
13 January 1860[2] Newquay 4.0~4.0
6 October 1863[2] Hereford 5.2~5.2 Felt in Kent by Charles Dickens
21 August 1864[2] Lewes 3.1~3.1
26 September 1864[2] Todmorden 3.5~3.5
15 February 1865[2] Barrow in Furness 2.2~2.2
27 February 1867[2] Grasmere 2.7~2.7 An account of this earthquake was written by Harriet Martineau
8 May 1867[2] Comrie 3.0~3.0
4 January 1868[2] Langport 3.0~3.0
30 October 1868[2] Neath 4.9~4.9 Felt as far away as Manchester and Blackheath
9 January 1869[2] Ixworth 3.1~3.1
9 March 1869[2] Spean Bridge 3.1~3.1
15 March 1869[2] Rochdale 3.6~3.6
17 March 1871[2] Appleby 4.9~4.9
15 April 1871[2] Dunoon 3.1~3.1
8 August 1872[2] Dunblane 2.9~2.9
15 November 1874[2] Caernarfon 3.5~3.5
11 March and 23 April 1877[2] Mull
8 April 1879[2] Caernarfon
28 November 1880[2] Argyll 5.2~5.2 Largest recorded earthquake in Scotland.
16 January 1883[2] Abergavenny 3.8~3.8
25 June 1883[2] Launceston 4.2~4.2
22 April 1884[2] Colchester 4.6~4.6 The most damaging earthquake since 1580. At least two fatalities reported. Felt in France and Belgium. See 1884 Colchester earthquake
18 June 1885[2] Market Weighton
2 November 1893[2] Carmarthen 5.0~5.0
17 December 1896[2] Hereford 5.3~5.3 [16][17]

20th century

Date Epicentre M_L Notes
18 September 1901[2] Inverness 5.0~5.0
19 June 1903[2] Caernarfon 4.9
27 June 1906[2] Swansea 5.2 One of the most damaging British earthquakes of the 20th century[18]
14 January 1916[2] Stafford 4.6 Felt from Lancaster to Bristol.
30 July 1926[2] Jersey
15 August 1926[2] Ludlow 4.8
24 January 1927[2] North Sea 5.7
7 June 1931[2] Dogger Bank, North Sea 6.1 Strongest officially recorded. See 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
12 December 1940[2] North Wales 4.7 An elderly woman was killed after she fell down the stairs.[19]
30 December 1944[2] Skipton 4.8 Felt throughout northern England
11 February 1957[2] Derby 5.3 Felt across central England. largest UK post-war earthquake until 1984, and one of the most damaging earthquakes [of the Twentieth C]entury[2]
9 February 1958[2] North Sea 5.1 Felt throughout eastern England
9 August 1970[2] Kirkby Stephen 4.1
10 August 1974[2] Kintail 4.4
26 December 1979[2] Longtown, Cumbria 4.7 Felt throughout northern England and southern Scotland.
19 July 1984[2] Llŷn Peninsula 5.4 Felt across Ireland and western Great Britain. See 1984 Llŷn Peninsula earthquake
29 September 1986[2] Oban 4.1
2 April 1990[2] Bishop's Castle, Shropshire 5.1 Felt throughout most of England and Wales; numerous chimneys collapsed in Shrewsbury. See 1990 Bishop's Castle earthquake
15 February 1994[2] Norwich 4.0
4 March 1999[2] Isle of Arran 4.0

21st century

Date Epicentre M_L Notes
23 September 2000[2] Warwick 4.2 Felt across the Midlands
28 October 2001[2] Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire 4.1 Felt across the East Midlands
13 February 2002 South Wales ~3.0 Felt in South Wales Valleys.[20]
22 September 2002[2] Dudley 4.7 Felt between Liverpool and London. See 2002 Dudley earthquake
21 October 2002[2] Manchester 3.9 Followed by a 3.5 magnitude event 22 seconds later.[21] Largest event in an earthquake swarm that occurred in the centre of Manchester during October and January 2003. During this swarm, over 110 tremors were recorded, with 30 being strong enough to be felt.[22]
14 February 2005[23] Conwy 3.3
26 December 2006[24] Dumfries 3.6
28 April 2007[25] Folkestone, Kent 4.3 See 2007 Kent earthquake
10 August 2007 Manchester 2.5 Strongest of six tremors that occurred during August 2007[26][27]
27 February 2008[28] Market Rasen, Lincolnshire 5.2 Felt widely in England and Wales. See 2008 Lincolnshire earthquake.
26 October 2008[29] Bromyard, Herefordshire 3.6
15 January 2009 Shetland Isles, Scotland 3.3 [30]
3 March 2009 Folkestone, Kent 3.0 [31]
11 April 2009 Goxhill, North Lincolnshire 3.0 [32]
28 April 2009 Ulverston, Cumbria 3.7 Felt around Barrow, Kendal, Windermere, Fleetwood and the North Lancaster area.[33][34]
1 September 2010 Central North Sea 3.5 [35]
21 December 2010 Coniston, Cumbria[36] [37] 3.5 Felt across Cumbria and also in Dumfries & Galloway, Isle of Man and Lancashire
3 January 2011 Ripon, North Yorkshire 3.6 Felt across Yorkshire and Cumbria.[38]
23 January 2011 Glenuig, Highland 3.5 Felt across the Western Highlands including in Inverness, Skye and Oban.[39]
23 June 2011 Bovey Tracey, Devon 2.7 [40]
14 July 2011 English Channel, Portsmouth, England 3.9 [41]
21 August 2011 Lochailort, Scottish Highlands, Scotland 2.9 [42]
20 October 2011 Glen Shiel, Scottish Highlands, Scotland 2.4 [43]
04 December 2011 Bodmin, Cornwall, England 2.2 The quake could have been felt as far as St Austell, Liskeard and Padstow, but there were no reports of damage.[44]

References

Citations

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  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz "Notes on invididual earthquakes". British Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110516173115/http://www.quakes.bgs.ac.uk/earthquakes/historical/historical_listing.htm. Retrieved 8 December 2011. 
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  44. ^ http://earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk/earthquakes/recent_events/20111204023904.html#page=summary

Bibliography

External links